Colonoscopy is a procedure that is used to detect changes or abnormalities in the colon and rectum.
During a colonoscopy, a long, flexible tube (colonoscope) is inserted into the rectum. A small video camera at the tip of the tube allows the doctor to see inside the entire colon.
Colonoscopy carries few risks. Rarely, complications of colonoscopy may include:
For the smooth conduct of the examination, preliminary preparation is necessary - cleaning the colon (emptying it of feces). The whole procedure of preparation for colonoscopy will be explained by the doctor at the preliminary consultation.
Proper preparation is extremely important. A poorly cleaned bowel can be the cause of missed small polyps or tumors. Inspection is difficult in the presence of foul water and food debris.
The patient is placed under intravenous anesthesia. The patient is most often placed in the lateral position. After rectal tumescence, the colonoscope is introduced through the anal opening. With its help, the mucosa of the colon along its entire length becomes accessible for inspection. Various instruments can be introduced into the channels of the device for the purpose of coagulation, biopsy, polypectomy, etc.
A colonoscopy usually takes about 30 to 60 minutes.
The patient may feel bloated or pass gas for several hours after the procedure while the air is cleared from the colon. Walking can help relieve any discomfort. There may also be a small amount of blood on the first pass after the examination.
The results of the examination will be discussed with the gastroenterologist at the follow-up consultation.
A colonoscopy is considered negative if the doctor does not find any abnormalities in the colon.
The specialist may recommend another colonoscopy:
A colonoscopy is considered positive if the doctor finds polyps or abnormal tissue in the colon.
Most polyps are not cancerous, but some may be precancerous. Polyps removed during a colonoscopy are sent to a laboratory for analysis to determine if they are cancerous, precancerous, or noncancerous.
Depending on the size and number of polyps, a stricter monitoring schedule may need to be followed in the future.
A person's risk of developing colon cancer is estimated to be about 5% in people with a familial burden and 3% in people without a familial burden. If a prophylactic colonoscopy is performed at age 50 in familial unburdened patients and at age 35 in familial burdened patients for colorectal cancer, the incidence of the disease will decrease. This is shown by results in developed countries where compliance with these recommendations is mandatory. Colorectal cancer has no early symptoms.
Often complaints appear at a late stage, when the chance of treatment is much lower.
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